Earthquakes A Comprehensive Overview An earthquake is a sudden and violent shaking of the ground caused by the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface. Earthquakes can cause widespread damage, destruction, and loss of life, and are among the most devastating natural disasters that can occur. Earthquakes occur when two tectonic plates grind against each other, causing a release of energy in the form of seismic waves. This energy radiates from the point of origin, called the focus, and travels through the Earth's crust, causing the ground to shake. The point on the surface of the Earth directly above the focus is known as the epicenter. The strength of an earthquake is measured using the Richter magnitude scale, which assigns a numerical value to the energy released by the earthquake. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater are considered to be significant, and can cause significant damage and disruption. The largest recorded earthquake had a magnitude of
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